FreeBSD

FreeBSD is an advanced computer operating system used to power modern servers, desktops, and embedded platforms. http://www.freebsd.org

   1  wget  http://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso

VirtualBox installation

Start VirtualBox
New
Name FreeBSD_10_3
Choose type BSD
version FreeBSD 64 bit
RAM 512 MB
Create virtual disk dynamic VDI with Fixed size 8 GB
Create
Start VM
Choose ISO FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso
Start
option 1 multi boot
Install
keymap portuguese iso-8859-1 accent keys
continue with pt.iso.acc.kbd keymap
hostname: freebsd
Distribution select: all
Partitioning: auto
Partition: entire disk
Partition scheme: GPT guid partition table
Partition editor, finish, commit
root password: ********
Network config: em0
configure ipv4: yes
use dhcp: yes
configure ipv6: no
search: <empty>
ipv4 dns1: 8.8.8.8
ipv4 dns2: 8.8.4.4
is cmos clock set to utc: yes
region: europe
country: portugal mainland
services: sshd dumpdev
add users? yes
username: vitor
several enters
add other account: no
exit, apply config and exit installer
manual configuration? no
reboot
release ISO
login as root

   1 df -h 
   2 traceroute www.sapo.pt
   3 pkg install wget 
   4 # install package management tool ? yes 
   5 proceed with action: yes 
   6 pkg info 
   7 cc --version 
   8 # https://www.freebsd.org/doc/handbook/pkgng-intro.html
   9 pkg search jdk 
  10 pkg install openjdk8-8.92.14_3  #203 MB
  11 # add lines to fstab ...
  12 java -version 
  13 pkg search python 
  14 pkg install python27-2.7.12 # 67MB 
  15 python2.7 --version 
  16 pkg install mongodb-2.6.12 #203MB
  17 pkg install rabbitmq-3.6.2 # 157MB
  18 df -h # avail 3.2 GB
  19 pkg install bash 
  20 pkg install xorg
  21 startx
  22 pkg install windowmaker-0.95.7_2 # 262MB 
  23 echo "exec /usr/local/bin/wmaker" > ~/.xinitrc
  24 startx

Get and burn ISO

   1 wget  http://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso
   2 modprobe sg # for cdrecord
   3 cdrecord -scanbus #identify the device DVDRAM LG GP08NU6B
   4 cdrecord -dev=6,0,0 -pad -data FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso
   5 # eject the DVD after burning
   6 eject
   7 cd /
   8 mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom #check DVD
   9 cd /mnt/cdrom/packages/FreeBSD:10:amd64/All
  10 ls
  11 ls -lah | wc -l # 1070 packages python gnome3 kde, qt, mysql, firefox, subversion, xorg, perl, gsl 
  12 cd /
  13 umount /mnt/cdrom

Amazon AMI

B00KSS55FY

Info severity logging

add to /etc/rc.conf

   1 syslogd_enable="YES"

touch /var/log/syslog
Add to /etc/syslog.conf

*.info /var/log/syslog

Example program

   1 #!/usr/bin/python
   2 import threading
   3 import time
   4 import os
   5 import syslog
   6 import datetime
   7 import sys 
   8 import signal
   9 
  10 def termHandler(signal,frame):
  11     print('Signal term caught')
  12     sys.exit(0)
  13     
  14 if __name__=="__main__":
  15     f=open('/var/run/beat.pid','wa')
  16     f.write('%d'%(os.getpid()))
  17     f.close()
  18     signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM,termHandler)    
  19     
  20     while True:
  21         syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO, "Beat %s"%(datetime.datetime.now()) )
  22         time.sleep(5)

Custom service

/home/vitor/beat.py

   1 #!/usr/bin/python
   2 import threading
   3 import time
   4 import os
   5 import syslog
   6 import datetime
   7 import sys 
   8 import signal
   9 
  10 def termHandler(signal,frame):
  11     print('Signal term caught')
  12     sys.exit(0)
  13     
  14 if __name__=="__main__":
  15     f=open('/var/run/beat.pid','wa')
  16     f.write('%d'%(os.getpid()))
  17     f.close()
  18     signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM,termHandler)    
  19     
  20     while True:
  21         syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO, "Beat %s"%(datetime.datetime.now()) )
  22         time.sleep(5)

In /etc/rc.conf

beat_enable="YES"

rc_debug="YES"
rc_info="YES"

/etc/rc.d/beat

   1 #!/bin/sh
   2 
   3 # PROVIDE: beat
   4 # REQUIRE: LOGIN
   5 
   6 . /etc/rc.subr
   7 
   8 name=beat
   9 rcvar=beat_enable
  10 command="/usr/local/bin/python2"
  11 command_args="/home/vitor/${name}.py &"
  12 
  13 load_rc_config $name
  14 
  15 run_rc_command "$1"
  16 
  17 beat_user="vitor"

   1 chmod 555 /etc/rc.d/beat # as root 
   2 service beat start

Give user permission to use su -

   1 pw user mod userxyz -G wheel
   2 su -

Bash

   1 pkg install bash
   2 chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash vitor
   3 chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash root

~/.profile

   1 #normal user
   2 PS1="\e[0;33m\]\D{%Y-%m-%d}T\A\[\e[m\] \e[0;32m\]\u@\H:\w\r\n\$\[\e[m\] "

MongoDB

   1 mkdir -p /data/db

/etc/rc.conf

mongodb_enable="YES"

/etc/rc.d/mongodb

   1 #!/bin/sh
   2 
   3 # PROVIDE: mongodb
   4 
   5 . /etc/rc.subr
   6 
   7 name=mongodb
   8 rcvar=mongodb_enable
   9 pidfile="/var/run/mongodb.pid"
  10 command="/usr/local/bin/mongod"
  11 command_args="--pidfilepath=$pidfile --smallfiles --syslog &"
  12 
  13 load_rc_config $name
  14 
  15 run_rc_command "$1"

check file /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mongod
mongod_enable="YES" in /etc/rc.conf
mkdir -p /var/db/mongodb
add --smallfiles to mongod_flags in file /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mongod

RabbitMQ service

/etc/rc.conf

rabbitmqserver_enable=YES

/etc/rc.d/rabbitmq

   1 #!/bin/sh
   2 # PROVIDE: rabbitmq-server
   3 
   4 . /etc/rc.subr
   5 
   6 name=rabbitmqserver
   7 load_rc_config $name
   8 
   9 #rcvar=rabbitmqserver_enable
  10 command="/usr/local/sbin/rabbitmq-server"
  11 pidfile="/var/db/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@freebsd.pid"
  12 
  13 if [ $rabbitmqserver_enable = "YES" ];then
  14   case "$1" in
  15     start)
  16       echo "Starting ${name} "
  17       $command &
  18       ;;
  19     status)
  20       if [ -f $pidfile ];then
  21         PID=$(cat $pidfile)
  22         echo "${name} running with PID $PID"
  23       else
  24         echo "${name} not running"
  25       fi
  26       ;;
  27     stop)
  28       if [ -f $pidfile ];then
  29         PID=$(cat $pidfile)
  30         echo "Killing ${name} with PID $PID"
  31         /usr/local/sbin/rabbitmqctl stop
  32         rm $pidfile
  33       else
  34         echo "${name} not running"
  35       fi
  36       ;;
  37     *)
  38       echo "Usage: /etc/rc.d/rabbitmq {start|status|stop}"
  39       exit 1
  40     ;;
  41   esac
  42 else
  43   echo "${name} service is not enabled in /etc/rc.conf"
  44 fi
  45 
  46 exit 0

check file /usr/local/etc/rc.d/rabbitmq
rabbitmq_enable="YES" in /etc/rc.conf

   1 /usr/local/sbin/rabbitmq-plugins list
   2 /usr/local/sbin/rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management #port 15672
   3 rabbitmqctl add_user rmq rmq
   4 rabbitmqctl  set_user_tags rmq administrator
   5 rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / rmq ".*" ".*" ".*"
   6 python -m ensurepip
   7 pip install pika

Vagrant box

https://app.vagrantup.com/freebsd/boxes/FreeBSD-13.1-STABLE

   1 cd /tmp
   2 mkdir freebsd-test
   3 cd freebsd-test
   4 vagrant init freebsd/FreeBSD-13.1-STABLE
   5 vagrant up
   6 vagrant ssh
   7 sudo pkg install openjdk17-17.0.3+7.1
   8 sudo pkg install nano
   9 cat Main.java 
  10 #public class Main{
  11 #  public static void main(String[] args){
  12 #    System.out.println("Main hello world !");
  13 #  }
  14 #}
  15 javac Main.java
  16 java Main
  17 vagrant suspend

-  ⇤ ← Revision 8 as of 2016-09-03 17:13:04 → 
  Size: 2678
  Editor: localhost
  Comment:
+   ← Revision 38 as of 2026-01-21 21:39:00 → ⇥
  Size: 7421
  Editor: vitor
  Comment:
-Deletions are marked like this.
+Additions are marked like this.
 Line 1:
+<<TableOfContents(2)>>
-Line 3:
+Line 5:
- * wget  http://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso
+{{{#!highlight sh
 wget  http://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso
}}}
-Line 48:
+Line 53:
-{{{
+{{{#!highlight bash
-Line 76:
+Line 81:
- * wget  http://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso
 * modprobe sg # fpr cdrecord
 * cdrecord -scanbus #identify the device DVDRAM LG GP08NU6B
 * cdrecord -dev=6,0,0 -pad -data FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso
 * # eject the DVD after burning
 * eject
 * cd /
 * mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom #check DVD
 * cd /mnt/cdrom/packages/FreeBSD:10:amd64/All
 * ls
 * ls -lah | wc -l # 1070 packages python gnome3 kde, qt, mysql, firefox, subversion, xorg, perl, gsl 
 * cd /
 * umount /mnt/cdrom
+{{{#!highlight bash
wget  http://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/amd64/amd64/ISO-IMAGES/10.3/FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso
modprobe sg # for cdrecord
cdrecord -scanbus #identify the device DVDRAM LG GP08NU6B
cdrecord -dev=6,0,0 -pad -data FreeBSD-10.3-RELEASE-amd64-dvd1.iso
# eject the DVD after burning
eject
cd /
mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom #check DVD
cd /mnt/cdrom/packages/FreeBSD:10:amd64/All
ls
ls -lah | wc -l # 1070 packages python gnome3 kde, qt, mysql, firefox, subversion, xorg, perl, gsl 
cd /
umount /mnt/cdrom 
}}}
-Line 91:
+Line 98:
- * https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/pp/B00KSS55FY/
+ * [[ https://aws.amazon.com/marketplace/pp/B00KSS55FY/ | B00KSS55FY ]]

== Info severity logging ==
 * add to /etc/rc.conf
{{{#!highlight bash
syslogd_enable="YES"
}}}
 * touch /var/log/syslog
 * Add to /etc/syslog.conf
{{{
*.info /var/log/syslog
}}} 

Example program
{{{#!highlight python
#!/usr/bin/python
import threading
import time
import os
import syslog
import datetime
import sys 
import signal

def termHandler(signal,frame):
    print('Signal term caught')
    sys.exit(0)
    
if __name__=="__main__":
    f=open('/var/run/beat.pid','wa')
    f.write('%d'%(os.getpid()))
    f.close()
    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM,termHandler)    
    
    while True:
        syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO, "Beat %s"%(datetime.datetime.now()) )
        time.sleep(5)
}}}

== Custom service ==
/home/vitor/beat.py
{{{#!highlight python
#!/usr/bin/python
import threading
import time
import os
import syslog
import datetime
import sys 
import signal

def termHandler(signal,frame):
    print('Signal term caught')
    sys.exit(0)
    
if __name__=="__main__":
    f=open('/var/run/beat.pid','wa')
    f.write('%d'%(os.getpid()))
    f.close()
    signal.signal(signal.SIGTERM,termHandler)    
    
    while True:
        syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO, "Beat %s"%(datetime.datetime.now()) )
        time.sleep(5)
}}}

In /etc/rc.conf
{{{
beat_enable="YES"

rc_debug="YES"
rc_info="YES"
}}}

/etc/rc.d/beat
{{{#!highlight sh
#!/bin/sh

# PROVIDE: beat
# REQUIRE: LOGIN

. /etc/rc.subr

name=beat
rcvar=beat_enable
command="/usr/local/bin/python2"
command_args="/home/vitor/${name}.py &"

load_rc_config $name

run_rc_command "$1"

beat_user="vitor"
}}}

{{{#!highlight sh
chmod 555 /etc/rc.d/beat # as root 
service beat start
}}}

== Give user permission to use su -  ==
{{{#!highlight bash
pw user mod userxyz -G wheel
su -
}}}
== Bash ==
{{{#!highlight bash
pkg install bash
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash vitor
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash root
}}}

~/.profile
{{{#!highlight bash
#normal user
PS1="\e[0;33m\]\D{%Y-%m-%d}T\A\[\e[m\] \e[0;32m\]\u@\H:\w\r\n\$\[\e[m\] "
}}}

== MongoDB ==
{{{#!highlight sh
mkdir -p /data/db
}}}
/etc/rc.conf
{{{
mongodb_enable="YES"
}}}

/etc/rc.d/mongodb
{{{#!highlight sh
#!/bin/sh

# PROVIDE: mongodb

. /etc/rc.subr

name=mongodb
rcvar=mongodb_enable
pidfile="/var/run/mongodb.pid"
command="/usr/local/bin/mongod"
command_args="--pidfilepath=$pidfile --smallfiles --syslog &"

load_rc_config $name

run_rc_command "$1"
}}}
 * check file /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mongod
 * mongod_enable="YES" in /etc/rc.conf
 * mkdir -p /var/db/mongodb 
 * add --smallfiles to mongod_flags in file /usr/local/etc/rc.d/mongod

== RabbitMQ service ==
/etc/rc.conf
{{{
rabbitmqserver_enable=YES
}}}

/etc/rc.d/rabbitmq
{{{#!highlight sh
#!/bin/sh
# PROVIDE: rabbitmq-server

. /etc/rc.subr

name=rabbitmqserver
load_rc_config $name

#rcvar=rabbitmqserver_enable
command="/usr/local/sbin/rabbitmq-server"
pidfile="/var/db/rabbitmq/mnesia/rabbit@freebsd.pid"

if [ $rabbitmqserver_enable = "YES" ];then
  case "$1" in
    start)
      echo "Starting ${name} "
      $command &
      ;;
    status)
      if [ -f $pidfile ];then
        PID=$(cat $pidfile)
        echo "${name} running with PID $PID"
      else
        echo "${name} not running"
      fi
      ;;
    stop)
      if [ -f $pidfile ];then
        PID=$(cat $pidfile)
        echo "Killing ${name} with PID $PID"
        /usr/local/sbin/rabbitmqctl stop
        rm $pidfile
      else
        echo "${name} not running"
      fi
      ;;
    *)
      echo "Usage: /etc/rc.d/rabbitmq {start|status|stop}"
      exit 1
    ;;
  esac
else
  echo "${name} service is not enabled in /etc/rc.conf"
fi

exit 0
}}}
 * check file /usr/local/etc/rc.d/rabbitmq
 * rabbitmq_enable="YES" in /etc/rc.conf
{{{#!highlight bash
/usr/local/sbin/rabbitmq-plugins list
/usr/local/sbin/rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management #port 15672
rabbitmqctl add_user rmq rmq
rabbitmqctl  set_user_tags rmq administrator
rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p / rmq ".*" ".*" ".*"
python -m ensurepip
pip install pika
}}}
== Vagrant box ==
 * https://app.vagrantup.com/freebsd/boxes/FreeBSD-13.1-STABLE
{{{#!highlight bash
cd /tmp
mkdir freebsd-test
cd freebsd-test
vagrant init freebsd/FreeBSD-13.1-STABLE
vagrant up
vagrant ssh
sudo pkg install openjdk17-17.0.3+7.1
sudo pkg install nano
cat Main.java 
#public class Main{
#  public static void main(String[] args){
#    System.out.println("Main hello world !");
#  }
#}
javac Main.java
java Main
vagrant suspend
}}}