Python

   1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
   2 print u"Olá mundo" # hello world in portuguese

   1 #utf-8 data
   2 utf81 ='\xc3\xba' 
   3 # convert from utf-8 to unicode
   4 unic = utf81.decode('utf-8') 
   5 
   6 for c in unic:
   7     print '%04X'%(ord(c))
   8 # convert from unicode to latin1/ISO8859-1 CP-1252
   9 lat1=unic.encode('latin1') 
  10 for c in lat1:
  11     print '%02X'%(ord(c))

   1 utf81='\xe1\xb7\x97' #utf-8 data
   2 
   3 unic = utf81.decode('utf-8') #converts from utf-8 to unicode (utf-16)
   4 for c in unic:
   5     print '%04X'%(ord(c))
   6 type(unic) # unicode, 2 bytes per char
   7 type(utf81) # str, 1 bytes per char

   1 # python3 example
   2 a=u'cão' # string in utf-8
   3 x=bytes(a,'utf-8') # convert string in utf-8 to bytes representation
   4 print(dir(a))
   5 print(dir(x))
   6 print(type(a))
   7 print(type(x))
   8 b = x.decode() # convert bytes again to an utf-8 string
   9 print(dir(b))
  10 print(type(b))

   1 import time
   2 # get seconds since epoch until now in UTC to a string year-month-dayThour:minute:second
   3 strutc = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S', time.gmtime() ) 
   4 # get seconds since epoch until now  in localtime to a string  year-month-dayThour:minute:second
   5 strlocal = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S', time.localtime() ) 
   6 # number seconds since epoch
   7 nrSeconds = time.mktime(time.gmtime())
   8 nrSeconds = time.time() #usually is UTC on all OS
   9 # from timestamp to string date
  10 import datetime
  11 print(datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1284101485).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'))
  12 #
  13 def toUTCDateStr(timestamp):
  14     return datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp( timestamp ).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S ')
  15 # timedelta
  16 import datetime
  17 x=datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(1284101485)
  18 nowx=datetime.datetime.now()                    
  19 ts=(nowx-x).total_seconds()
  20 print int(ts)
  21 ### add , subtract days
  22 import datetime
  23 x = datetime.datetime(2014,1,2)
  24 print x
  25 y = x - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
  26 print y
  27 z = y - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
  28 print z
  29 
  30 ### convert string with date to time tuple
  31 import time
  32 timeTuple = time.strptime('2014-01-01 10:11:12','%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
  33 nrSecondsSince1970=time.mktime(timeTuple)
  34 ### get seconds since epoch
  35 start = int(datetime.datetime(2014,3,9,0,0,0,0).strftime("%s"))*1000
  36 end = int(datetime.datetime(2014,3,14,23,59,59,999).strftime("%s"))*1000
  37 
  38 ### string from utc current date
  39 currutc=datetime.datetime.utcnow().strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
  40 
  41 import time
  42 help(time.strptime)
  43 tt=time.strptime('Sat Aug 14 20:28:54 UTC 2021','%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Z %Y')
  44 nrSecondsSince1970=time.mktime(tt)
  45 
  46 # email date format
  47 >>> time.strftime('%a, %d %b %Y %H:%M:%S %z (%Z)', time.gmtime() )
  48 'Sun, 27 Feb 2022 14:17:14 +0000 (GMT)'

   1 import plistlib
   2 value = [{'key1':123,'key2':'asdf'},{'keyx1':'testing','keyz1':'yup'}]
   3 # save value in plist file
   4 plistlib.writePlist(value,'/tmp/plist1.plist')
   5 o=plistlib.readPlist('/tmp/plist1.plist')
   6 print o

   1 #!/usr/bin/python
   2 # timestable.py
   3 # calculates the times table in concurrency
   4 import threading
   5 import time
   6 
   7 class TimesTable (threading.Thread):
   8     def __init__(self, timesTable):
   9         threading.Thread.__init__(self) #required
  10         self.timeTable = timesTable
  11         self.count = 1
  12     def run(self):
  13         loop=True
  14         while loop:
  15             time.sleep(1) #sleep for 1 second
  16             result=self.timeTable * self.count
  17             print "%d*%d=%d"%(self.timeTable,self.count,result)
  18             if self.count<10:
  19                 self.count = self.count+1
  20             else:
  21                 self.count=1
  22 
  23 # create threads
  24 timesTable2 = TimesTable(2)
  25 timesTable5 = TimesTable(7)
  26 
  27 # start the threads
  28 timesTable2.start()
  29 timesTable5.start()

   1 #filename: unitTest.py
   2 #Run tests: python unitTest.py
   3 #Should fail on testAdd2
   4 import unittest
   5 
   6 class SimpleTestCase(unittest.TestCase):
   7     def setUp(self):
   8         self.res=4
   9 
  10     def tearDown(self):
  11         self.res=0
  12 
  13     def testAdd1(self):
  14         res=2+2
  15         self.assertEqual(self.res,res,'')       
  16 
  17     def testAdd2(self):
  18         res=2+3
  19         self.assertEqual(self.res,res,'')       
  20 
  21     def testAdd3(self):
  22         res=2+3
  23         self.assertNotEqual(self.res,res,'')       
  24 
  25 if __name__ == '__main__':
  26     unittest.main()

   1 import unittest
   2 from impl import add 
   3 from impl import sub
   4 
   5 class TestCase(unittest.TestCase):
   6     def test_add(self):
   7         self.assertEqual(5,add(2,3))
   8 #    def test_sub(self):
   9 #        self.assertEqual(1,add(3,2))
  10 if __name__ == '__main__':
  11     unittest.main()

   1 def add(arg1,arg2):
   2     return arg1+arg2
   3 
   4 def sub(arg1,arg2):
   5     return arg-+arg2

   1 from unittest.mock import MagicMock
   2 
   3 class X(object):
   4     def getX(self):
   5         return 111
   6 
   7 if __name__=='__main__':
   8     x = X()
   9     print(x.getX())
  10     x.getX = MagicMock(return_value=999)
  11     print( x.getX() )

   1 import os
   2 nrSeconds=os.path.getmtime('/folder/file') # unix epoch, nr secs since 1970-01-01 00:00:00

   1 import os
   2 import signal
   3 os.kill(pid,signal.SIGTERM) 

   1 import syslog
   2 syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO,'message to syslog')

   1 import syslog
   2 
   3 syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_DEBUG,'DEBUG')
   4 syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO,'INFO')
   5 syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_WARNING,'WARNING')
   6 syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_ERR,'ERR')
   7 syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_CRIT,'CRIT')

   1 # example service, dummyService.py
   2 import time
   3 while True:
   4     try:
   5         f=open('filex.log','wb')
   6         f.write('%f'%(time.time()))
   7         f.close() 
   8         time.sleep(5)
   9     except KeyboardInterrupt:
  10         quit()

   1 #service monitor.py
   2 # * * * * * /usr/bin/python /home/vitor/svc/monitor.py
   3 import os
   4 import syslog
   5 import subprocess
   6 
   7 if __name__=="__main__":
   8     files = os.listdir('/proc')
   9     script="dummyService.py"
  10     prefix="dummyService:"
  11 
  12     svcRunning=False
  13 
  14     for file in files:
  15 
  16         if file.isdigit():
  17             cmdline = open('/proc/%s/cmdline'%(file),'r').read()
  18             proc = "%s %s "%(file,cmdline)
  19 
  20             if script  in proc :
  21                 svcRunning=True
  22 
  23     if svcRunning==False:
  24         syslog.syslog(syslog.LOG_INFO,'%s process created '%(prefix) )
  25         # run exec process on python Popen
  26         subprocess.Popen(['/usr/bin/python','dummyService.py'],cwd='/home/userx/svc')

   1 import urllib2
   2 r=urllib2.urlopen('http://www.sapo.pt')
   3 resp=r.read()
   4 print resp

   1 # C:\cmt\test>python testWinSvc.py install
   2 # C:\cmt\test>python testWinSvc.py start
   3 # C:\cmt\test>python testWinSvc.py stop
   4 # C:\cmt\test>python testWinSvc.py remove
   5 # C:\cmt\test>service.msc
   6 import win32service
   7 import win32serviceutil
   8 import win32api
   9 import win32con
  10 import win32event
  11 import win32evtlogutil
  12 import os, sys, string, time
  13 
  14 class aservice(win32serviceutil.ServiceFramework):
  15    _svc_name_ = "MyServiceShortName"
  16    _svc_display_name_ = "My Service Long Fancy Name!"
  17    _svc_description_ = "THis is what my crazy little service does - aka a DESCRIPTION! WHoa!"
  18          
  19    def __init__(self, args):
  20            win32serviceutil.ServiceFramework.__init__(self, args)
  21            self.hWaitStop = win32event.CreateEvent(None, 0, 0, None)           
  22 
  23    def SvcStop(self):
  24            self.ReportServiceStatus(win32service.SERVICE_STOP_PENDING)
  25            win32event.SetEvent(self.hWaitStop)                    
  26          
  27    def SvcDoRun(self):
  28       import servicemanager      
  29       servicemanager.LogMsg(servicemanager.EVENTLOG_INFORMATION_TYPE,servicemanager.PYS_SERVICE_STARTED,(self._svc_name_, ''))       
  30       self.timeout = 1000     #1 second
  31       # This is how long the service will wait to run / refresh itself (see script below)
  32 
  33       while 1:
  34          # Wait for service stop signal, if I timeout, loop again
  35          rc = win32event.WaitForSingleObject(self.hWaitStop, self.timeout)
  36          # Check to see if self.hWaitStop happened
  37          if rc == win32event.WAIT_OBJECT_0:
  38             # Stop signal encountered
  39             servicemanager.LogInfoMsg("SomeShortNameVersion - STOPPED!")  #For Event Log
  40             break
  41          else:
  42                  try:
  43                      handle = open('c:/windows/temp/outx1.txt', "a")
  44                      handle.write('%s \n' % ('tst svc'))
  45                      handle.close()
  46                  except:
  47                      pass
  48 
  49 
  50 
  51 def ctrlHandler(ctrlType):
  52    return True
  53                   
  54 if __name__ == '__main__':   
  55    win32api.SetConsoleCtrlHandler(ctrlHandler, True)   
  56    win32serviceutil.HandleCommandLine(aservice)

   1 import logging 
   2 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG,
   3                     format='%(asctime)s %(name)-12s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s',
   4                     datefmt='%m-%d %H:%M',
   5                     filename='/tmp/app.log',
   6                     filemode='w')
   7 logging.info('Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.')
   8 logging.info('Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.')
   9 logging.info('Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz33.')
  10 quit()
  11 # cat /tmp/app.log 

   1 import logging
   2 
   3 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG, \
   4     format='%(asctime)s %(name)-12s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s', \
   5     datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z', \
   6     filename='/tmp/myapp.log', \
   7     filemode='a')
   8 #log to console
   9 console = logging.StreamHandler()
  10 console.setLevel(logging.INFO)
  11 formatter = logging.Formatter('%(name)-12s: %(levelname)-8s %(message)s')
  12 console.setFormatter(formatter)
  13 logging.getLogger('').addHandler(console)
  14 logging.info('Jackdaws love my big sphinx of quartz.') # using default logger '' 
  15 #other loggers
  16 logger1 = logging.getLogger('myapp.area1')
  17 logger2 = logging.getLogger(__name__)
  18 logger1.debug('Quick zephyrs blow, vexing daft Jim.')
  19 logger1.info('How quickly daft jumping zebras vex.')
  20 logger2.warning('Jail zesty vixen who grabbed pay from quack.')
  21 logger2.error('The five boxing wizards jump quickly.')

   1 import logging
   2 import logging.config
   3 import time
   4 import os
   5 
   6 # read initial config file
   7 logging.config.fileConfig('logging.conf')
   8 
   9 # create and start listener on port 9999
  10 t = logging.config.listen(9999)
  11 t.start()
  12 
  13 logger = logging.getLogger('simpleExample')
  14 
  15 try:
  16     # loop through logging calls to see the difference
  17     # new configurations make, until Ctrl+C is pressed
  18     while True:
  19         logger.debug('debug message')
  20         logger.info('info message')
  21         logger.warn('warn message')
  22         logger.error('error message')
  23         logger.critical('critical message')
  24         time.sleep(5)
  25 except KeyboardInterrupt:
  26     # cleanup
  27     logging.config.stopListening()
  28     t.join()

   1 #!/usr/bin/env python
   2 import socket, sys, struct
   3 
   4 with open(sys.argv[1], 'rb') as f:
   5     data_to_send = f.read()
   6 
   7 HOST = 'localhost'
   8 PORT = 9999
   9 s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
  10 print('connecting...')
  11 s.connect((HOST, PORT))
  12 print('sending config...')
  13 s.send(struct.pack('>L', len(data_to_send)))
  14 s.send(data_to_send)
  15 s.close()
  16 print('complete')

   1 import logging
   2 from logging.handlers import TimedRotatingFileHandler
   3 from logging.handlers import SMTPHandler
   4 
   5 class Logger(object):
   6     def __init__(self):
   7         loggerName='appx'
   8         logFormatter = logging.Formatter('[%(asctime)s %(name)-12s %(levelname)-8s] %(message)s',datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %z')
   9         
  10         rotatingLogHandler = TimedRotatingFileHandler('%s.log'%(loggerName),when='midnight',utc=True)
  11         rotatingLogHandler.setFormatter(logFormatter)
  12         rotatingLogHandler.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
  13 
  14         smtpLogHandler = SMTPHandler(mailhost='hostx.com', fromaddr='mail@hostx.com', toaddrs='dest@hostx.com', subject=loggerName, \
  15             credentials=('accountx','12345678'), secure=None)
  16         smtpLogHandler.setFormatter(logFormatter)
  17         smtpLogHandler.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
  18                         
  19         self.logger = logging.getLogger(loggerName)
  20         self.logger.addHandler(rotatingLogHandler)
  21         self.logger.addHandler(smtpLogHandler)
  22         self.logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
  23         
  24     def debug(self,m):
  25         self.logger.debug(m)
  26 
  27     def info(self,m):
  28         self.logger.info(m)
  29 
  30     def warning(self,m):
  31         self.logger.warning(m)
  32         
  33     def error(self,m):
  34         self.logger.error(m)
  35         
  36     def critical(self,m):
  37         self.logger.critical(m)

   1 import pytz
   2 import datetime
   3 
   4 #fmt = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S %Z%z'
   5 london=pytz.timezone('Europe/London')
   6 lisbon=pytz.timezone('Europe/Lisbon')
   7 paris  =pytz.timezone('Europe/Paris')
   8 utc = pytz.timezone('UTC')
   9 berlin = pytz.timezone('Europe/Berlin')
  10 
  11 print
  12 dtx = datetime.datetime(2002, 12, 27, 12, 0, 0,tzinfo=utc ) 
  13 print 
  14 print 'UTC    ' , dtx
  15 print 'London ',dtx.astimezone(london)
  16 print 'Lisbon ',dtx.astimezone(lisbon)
  17 print 'Paris  ',dtx.astimezone(paris)
  18 print 'Berlin ',dtx.astimezone(berlin)
  19 
  20 
  21 print
  22 dty = datetime.datetime(2002, 8, 27, 13, 0, 0,tzinfo=utc ) 
  23 print 'UTC    ',dty
  24 print 'London ',dty.astimezone(london)
  25 print 'Lisbon ',dty.astimezone(lisbon)
  26 print 'Paris  ',dty.astimezone(paris)
  27 print 'Berlin ',dty.astimezone(berlin)

   1 class Acme(object):
   2     def __init__(self,valuex):
   3         self.valuex=valuex
   4 
   5     def __cmp__(self, other):
   6         if self.valuex==other.valuex:
   7             return 0
   8         if self.valuex>other.valuex:
   9             return 1
  10         if self.valuex<other.valuex:
  11             return -1
  12 
  13     def __repr__(self):
  14         return self.valuex
  15 
  16 if __name__=='__main__':
  17     listx=[]
  18     listx.append( Acme('C') )
  19     listx.append( Acme('A') )
  20     listx.append( Acme('Z') )
  21     print 'original:',listx
  22     print 'sorted asc:',sorted(listx,reverse=False)
  23     print 'sorted desc:',sorted(listx,reverse=True)
  24     listx.sort()
  25     print 'sort:',listx
  26     listx.reverse()
  27     print 'reverse:',listx

   1 def test1()
   2     print("Alright !!!!")

   1 # round float to 6 decimal places
   2 nr=1.23456789
   3 print round(nr,6)
   4 # round float to 4 decimal places
   5 nr=1.23456789
   6 print round(nr,4)

   1 import smtplib
   2 
   3 class Smtp(object):
   4     def __init__(self,server,port,user,passx,appName):
   5         self.server=server
   6         self.port=port
   7         self.user=user
   8         self.passx=passx
   9         self.appName=appName
  10 
  11     def send(self,fromx,tox,subjectx,contentType,body):
  12         s=smtplib.SMTP()
  13         s.connect(self.server,self.port)
  14         s.ehlo(self.appName)
  15         s.login(self.user,self.passx)         
  16         msg='From: %s\r\nTo: %s\r\nSubject: %s\r\nContent-Type: %s\r\n\r\n%s'%(fromx,tox,subjectx,contentType,body)
  17         s.sendmail(fromx,tox,msg)
  18         s.quit()
  19 
  20 s=Smtp('mail.example.org',25,'norep@example.org','12345678','TestApp')
  21 # content types: text/plain text/html
  22 s.send('norep@example.org',['user1@example.org','user2@example.org'],'Subject','text/plain','Body mail')

   1 from json import JSONEncoder
   2 import json
   3 
   4 class EncoderJSON(JSONEncoder):
   5     def default(self, o):
   6         return o.getJSONDict()    
   7     
   8 class Acme(object):
   9     def __init__(self,paramx,valuex):
  10         self.paramx=paramx
  11         self.valuex=valuex
  12         
  13     def getJSONDict(self):
  14         return {'paramx':self.paramx ,'valuex':self.valuex}
  15                 
  16     def __repr__(self):
  17         return '%s %s %s'%(self.paramx ,self.valuex)
  18 
  19 if __name__=='__main__':
  20     listx=[]
  21     listx.append(Acme('p1','v1'))
  22     listx.append(Acme('p2','v2'))
  23     # json.dumps likes lists and dictionaries
  24     print( json.dumps(listx,cls=EncoderJSON) ) 
  25     # output [{"valuex": "v1", "paramx": "p1"}, {"valuex": "v2", "paramx": "p2"}]

   1 #decorator logger
   2 def logger(func):
   3         def inner(*args, **kwargs): # step 1
   4             print "Arguments were: %s, %s" % (args, kwargs)
   5             return func(*args, **kwargs) # step 2
   6         return inner
   7 
   8 @logger
   9 def foo1(x, y=1):
  10     return x * y
  11 if __name__=='__main__':
  12     foo1(2,2)

   1 import sys
   2 from os import path 
   3 #decorator adder
   4 def add_one_args(decoratedFunction):
   5     def interceptor(*args, **kwargs): # step 1
   6         print "Arguments were: args %s, kwargs %s" % (args, kwargs)
   7         index=0
   8         new_args=[]
   9         # change input 
  10         isnotint=False
  11         for arg in args:
  12             if isinstance(arg,int):                    
  13                 new_args.append(arg+1)
  14             else:
  15                 isnotint=True
  16             index=index+1
  17                 
  18         if isnotint==False: 
  19             args=tuple(new_args)
  20 
  21         new_kwargs={}
  22         for kwarg in kwargs:
  23             new_kwargs[kwarg] = kwargs[kwarg]+1
  24 
  25         decoratedFuncReturn =  decoratedFunction(*args, **new_kwargs) # step 2
  26         # change output
  27         decoratedFuncReturn = decoratedFuncReturn * 2
  28         return decoratedFuncReturn
  29     return interceptor
  30 
  31 @add_one_args
  32 def foo1(x, y=1):
  33     print('Got arguments in foo1 %d %d'%(x,y))
  34     mul = x * y
  35     print('Multiplication result inside function %d'%(mul))
  36     return mul
  37 
  38 def foo2(**kwargs):
  39     print('Got arguments in foo1 %d %d'%( kwargs['x'] , kwargs['y']  ))
  40     mul = kwargs['x'] * kwargs['y']
  41     print('Multiplication result inside function %d'%(mul))
  42     return mul
  43 
  44 if __name__=='__main__':
  45     print( foo1(2,y=2) )
  46     print( foo2( x=3,y=3  ) )
  47     print( sys.path )
  48     print( sys.prefix )
  49     print( sys.exec_prefix )
  50     here = path.abspath(path.dirname(__file__))
  51     print(here)